Cognitive Architecture
The ultimate goal of work in cognitive architecture is to
provide... the underlying structure that would enable a
system to perform the full range of cognitive tasks,
employ the full range of problem-solving methods and
representations appropriate for the tasks, and learn
about all aspects of the task and its performance on them.
Soar : an architecture for general intelligence
Cognitive architecture
Analogous to a computer architecture
| Memory |
how is knowledge represented |
| Operators |
What operations can be performed on the knowledge |
| Working memory |
How are temporary intermediate results managed |
| I/O |
What triggers reasoning, what happens? |
Cognitive Architecture
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Goal: operators are general purpose for all reasoning,
just like computer architecture.
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Goal: the architecture supports learning, i.e., autonomous
acquisition of new knowledge
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Newell also wanted an architecture that could model
and predict human capabilities and even reaction times.
Deductive retrieval
| Memory |
A set of backward chaining rules |
| Operators |
Backward chaining and unification |
| Working memory |
Binding lists |
| I/O |
Backchaining queries lead to query responses |
Pattern-directed inferencing
- Not really a cognitive architecture
- Memory = list of pattern + responses
- Everything else is regular computer architecture
SOAR
| Memory |
A set of forward-chaining production rules |
| Operators |
Matching rules to tokens to generate new tokens |
| Working memory |
Set of active tokens |
| I/O |
Problem representation inputs lead to solution responses |
MOPs
| Memory |
A set of frames in a semantic hierarchy |
| Operators |
frame indexing, retrieval, generalization, storage |
| Working memory |
Set of active frames |
| I/O |
Partial frame inputs retrieve or generate new MOPs |